Cosmology

Introduction

The F-Fabric theory offers a new perspective on the structure of the Universe. Imagine the cosmos as an infinite fabric of nodes that exists eternally. This fabric has no global beginning or end—only local changes occurring in different regions. Dark matter in this theory is simply an initial, low-energy phase of the fabric in which electromagnetic interactions are not yet active.

We will examine how structures emerge from this quiet phase, how the transition to visible matter occurs, and how galaxies are born. What we interpret as the expansion of the Universe is, in fact, a gradual relaxation of the fabric after the transition. In the following twelve sections, we will walk through this process step by step, explaining the key ideas in a clear and accessible way.

An Eternal Infinite Fabric as the Foundation of Everything

In F-Fabric theory, reality is built on an infinite and eternal network of nodes. Each node has three properties: resonant frequency (how it vibrates), topological charge (how it connects to neighbors), and amplitude (the intensity of its oscillation).

There is no single beginning of the Universe. Instead, different regions undergo their own local processes. What is known as the cosmological principle—homogeneity and isotropy—applies only within our observable region. Beyond our horizon may exist zones with entirely different histories: some still in a pure dark-matter phase, others already relaxed back into vacuum.

Each region follows its own cycle: from vacuum to dark matter, then to ordinary (baryonic) matter, and back again. There is no universal global time—only local sequences of events.

The Emergence of Dark Matter as a Quiet Phase

Dark matter arises as a phase of the fabric in which the amplitude is close to its vacuum value and remains below the threshold required to activate electromagnetic interactions.

In this phase, nodes are gravitationally active—amplitude affects spacetime curvature and the flow of time—but they do not interact with light or electromagnetic radiation, and therefore remain invisible. This is not a collection of exotic particles, but a natural state of the fabric without additional forces.

Dark matter accumulates from vacuum fluctuations, forming the foundation for future structures and accounting for about eighty-five percent of the Universe’s mass without the need to introduce new particles.

Structure Formation in Dark Matter

Within the dark-matter phase, amplitude fluctuations grow due to gradients, forming concentrations known as dark-matter halos. Because there are no electromagnetic energy losses, these structures can accumulate over extremely long timescales—billions of years—creating massive halos.

This explains observations from the James Webb Space Telescope: massive early galaxies formed within already well-developed dark-matter halos, before the transition to the visible phase. Gravity arises here from collective amplitude, which suppresses frequencies and generates attraction, laying the framework for the visible Universe.

Phase Transition: From Dark to Ordinary Matter

When, in the dense core of a dark-matter halo, the amplitude exceeds a critical threshold, a phase transition occurs: electromagnetic interactions become active. Nodes begin to interact electromagnetically, forming protons, electrons, and atoms.

This is a rapid process—lasting from one to ten million years—in which the transition propagates as a wave through resonant connections between nodes. Energy is released, locally heating the fabric.

Baryonic (ordinary) matter is the same fabric, but in a more active phase, where information transfer occurs not only through gravity but also through electromagnetism.

The Local “Big Bang” as a Transition Wave

What we call the Big Bang is a local wave of phase transition in our region, roughly one hundred megaparsecs in size (about three hundred million light-years), which occurred approximately thirteen and a half billion years ago.

Synchronization took place within a large dark-matter concentration, where the threshold was exceeded almost simultaneously. The wave “ignites” ordinary matter, creating the illusion of a universal beginning. Beyond our horizon, such waves occur independently—earlier in some regions, later in others.

There is no global singularity—only local events within an eternal fabric.

The Origin of the Cosmic Microwave Background

The cosmic microwave background (CMB) is the thermal imprint of the transition wave, not radiation from recombination as in the standard model.

When electromagnetic interactions are activated, energy is released, heating the fabric to approximately three thousand kelvin. As the fabric relaxes, this radiation cools to the present temperature of about 2.7 kelvin.

The anisotropies—tiny temperature fluctuations at the level of one part in one hundred thousand—reflect density fluctuations in dark matter prior to the transition: denser regions ignited slightly earlier and were hotter. The high uniformity of the CMB indicates a large-scale synchronized transition encompassing our observable Universe.

Fabric Relaxation as the Illusion of Expansion

Cosmic expansion is not the stretching of space, but the gradual relaxation of the fabric’s amplitude toward its vacuum value after the transition. Galaxies are not physically moving away from one another; rather, the fabric between them is relaxing, reducing amplitude over time.

This reproduces Hubble’s law for nearby galaxies and the observed evolution of the Hubble parameter. The later acceleration arises from nonlinear relaxation: as the vacuum value is approached, the process accelerates, mimicking dark energy with an equation-of-state parameter close to minus one—without invoking a cosmological constant.

The Mechanism of Redshift

Redshift occurs because photon frequency is suppressed as light propagates through the relaxing fabric. A photon accumulates a frequency shift proportional to the amplitude gradient along its path: the more distant the source, the greater the energy loss.

This explains the Hubble constant as the relaxation rate, inverse to the relaxation timescale (on the order of ten billion years). There is no geometric expansion of space—the shift is an intrinsic property of the fabric that reproduces observations without expanding spacetime.

Formation of the First Stars and Elements

After the transition, ordinary matter within halos cools rapidly and collapses into protostars. In these first massive stars, nuclear reactions synthesize heavy elements from helium up to iron.

Supernova explosions disperse these elements, enriching the environment for later generations of stars and planets. Early galaxies are bright and active due to the high post-transition amplitude, consistent with James Webb observations: they formed within already massive dark-matter halos.

Galaxy Evolution in the Amplitude Cycle

Galaxies evolve according to the fabric’s amplitude:

Early galaxies (redshift ~10–20): high amplitude, intense star formation, strong ultraviolet emission.

Intermediate galaxies (redshift ~1–5): amplitude decreases due to energy radiation, star formation slows.

Late galaxies (redshift ~0, the present epoch): amplitude near threshold, dominated by old stars, galaxies fade.

Eventually, amplitude drops below the threshold, electromagnetism switches off, and the galaxy becomes “dark” but remains gravitationally active. This explains the missing satellite galaxies around the Milky Way: many have already transitioned into the dark phase.

Voids as Fully Relaxed Regions

Cosmic voids are regions roughly fifty to one hundred megaparsecs in size where the cycle has completed: both ordinary and dark matter have relaxed back to vacuum. Information has dissipated, leaving only random fluctuations.

Voids are the prepared ground for new structures: fluctuations can grow into dark matter and restart the cycle. Observations show minimal gravitational lensing, steep velocity gradients at void boundaries, and characteristic imprints in the CMB—all consistent with full relaxation rather than mere low matter density.

Locally Cyclic Cosmology

Cosmology in F-Fabric theory is locally cyclic: vacuum transitions to dark matter, then to ordinary matter, back to dark matter, and again to vacuum—without a global end. There is no heat death of the Universe: as one region relaxes and fades, another ignites and evolves.

There is no global arrow of time—only local arrows within each cycle. This resolves the Boltzmann paradox: no special low-entropy initial conditions are required, because there is no single beginning of the Universe.